There is wide agreement that philosophy (from the ancient Greek П†ОЇО»ОїП‚, phГlos: 'love' and ПѓОїП†ОЇО±, sophГa: 'wisdom') is characterized by various general features: it is a form of rational inquiry, it aims to be systematic, and it tends to critically reflect on its own methods and presuppositions. Other notable subfields include philosophy of religion, philosophy of science, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. Today, major subfields of academic philosophy include metaphysics, which is concerned with the fundamental nature of existence and reality epistemology, which studies the nature of knowledge and belief ethics, which is concerned with moral value and logic, which studies the rules of inference that allow one to derive conclusions from true premises. Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, and namely the social sciences such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, ' natural philosophy' encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics.

Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. 495 BCE) others dispute this story, arguing that Pythagoreans merely claimed use of a preexisting term. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras (c.

Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Philosophy (from Greek: П†О№О»ОїПѓОїП†ОЇО±, philosophia, 'love of wisdom') is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language.

Chemistry add in for word 2016 download